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dc.titleFinancial Technologies, Labor Markets, and Wage Inequality: Evidence from Instant Payment Systems
dc.contributor.authorBurga, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorCespedes, Jacelly
dc.contributor.authorParra, Carlos R
dc.contributor.authorRicca, Bernardo
dc.contributor.orgunitDepartment of Research and Chief Economist
dc.coverageBrazil
dc.date.available2025-12-02T00:12:00
dc.date.issue2025-12-02T00:12:00
dc.description.abstractA long-standing debate concerns whether technological change widens wage gaps by benefiting skilled labor. We show that financial technologiesspecifically, instant payment systemscan instead reduce wage inequality. Using an administrative dataset covering all registered employees in Brazil, we study the nationwide rollout of Pix, an instant payment platform introduced in late 2020. Our empirical strategy is a triple difference-in-differences design that exploits variation in preexisting mobile penetration across municipalities, the differential benefits of Pix for cash-intensive versus non-cash-intensive sectors, and the timing of Pixs rollout. A one standard deviation increase in mobile penetration leads to a 1.2 percent wage increase in cash-intensive sectors relative to non-cash-intensive sectors following Pixs introduction. These wage gains are concentrated among workers with less education, reducing the college wage premium by 1 percentage point. Further evidence suggests that increased small-business labor demand, amplified by local labor market frictions, drives these effects. Overall, instant payment systems disproportionately benefit small, cash-intensive businesses, enhancing labor demand in sectors reliant on low-skill workers and highlighting how financial technologies can shape distributional outcomes differently from skill-biased technologies.
dc.format.extent35
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013843
dc.identifier.urlhttps://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Financial-Technologies-Labor-Markets-and-Wage-Inequality-Evidence-from-Instant-Payment-Systems-.pdf
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInter-American Development Bank
dc.subjectFintech
dc.subjectWage
dc.subjectMunicipal Government
dc.subjectLabor Market
dc.subjectLabor Force
dc.subjectSmall Business
dc.subjectIndustry
dc.subjectIncome Equality
dc.subject.jelcodeJ31 - Wage Level and Structure • Wage Differentials
dc.subject.jelcodeO33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes
dc.subject.jelcodeG23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions • Financial Instruments • Institutional Investors
dc.typeWorking Papers
idb.identifier.pubnumberIDB-WP-01766
idb.operationRG-K1198
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