View full metadata record

dc.titleGender and Racial Differences in the Earnings Penalty of Working from Home before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
dc.contributor.authorMaia, Alexandre Gori
dc.contributor.authorLu, Yao
dc.contributor.orgunitGender and Diversity Division
dc.coverageBrazil
dc.date.available2024-08-08T00:08:00
dc.date.issue2024-08-08T00:08:00
dc.description.abstractWe investigate differences in earnings penalties associated with working from home (WFH) between groups of gender and race before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Using a large and nationally representative longitudinal dataset, we show that the earnings penalty associated with WFH diminished for White and Black men during the pandemic while remaining high for White and Black women. We further examine three mechanisms explaining these changes: i) the equilibrium between supply and demand, as more women than men transitioned to WFH during the pandemic; ii) labor productivity, as the effective working hours of Black women were more affected by WFH; and ii) visibility and promotion, as White women became less likely than White men to be promoted when WFH during the pandemic.
dc.format.extent44
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013104
dc.identifier.urlhttps://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Gender-and-racial-differences-in-the-earnings-penalty-of-working-from-home-before-and-during-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInter-American Development Bank
dc.subjectLabor Force
dc.subjectTelework
dc.subjectCoronavirus
dc.subjectWomen
dc.subjectPandemic
dc.subjectDiversity and Inclusion
dc.subjectDiversity in the Workplace
dc.subjectGender
dc.subjectWorkforce and Employment
dc.subjectWage
dc.subjectRace
dc.subjectGender Mainstreaming
dc.subject.jelcodeJ16 - Economics of Gender • Non-labor Discrimination
dc.subject.jelcodeJ21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
dc.subject.jelcodeJ31 - Wage Level and Structure • Wage Differentials
dc.subject.keywordsGender and race disparities;Telework;remote work;Labor market inequalities;Wage penalty
idb.identifier.pubnumberIDB-WP-01618
idb.operationRG-T3729
Return to Publication