Subsidizing Informality?: Non-contributory Public Spending in Latin America and the Caribbean
Sep 2018
Author(s): Izquierdo, Alejandro; Altamirano Montoya, Álvaro; Alaimo, Veronica; Dborkin, Daniela
This paper presents new data documenting the level and evolution of public spending on non-contributory programs for 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Salaried formal workers…
Non-contributory Public Spending in Latin America and the Caribbean
Sep 2018
Author(s): Izquierdo, Alejandro; Altamirano Montoya, Álvaro; Alaimo, Veronica; Dborkin, Daniela
This paper presents new data documenting the level and evolution of public spending on non-contributory programs for 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Salaried formal workers…
Mothers, Teachers, Peers, and the Gender Gap in Early Math Achievement
Apr 2018
Author(s): Carneiro, Pedro; Cruz-Aguayo, Yyannu; Schady, Norbert
We study the determinants of math achievement among children in early elementary school using data from a unique experiment in which children were randomly assigned to classrooms within schools for…
Teacher Quality and Learning Outcomes in Kindergarten
Dec 2016
Author(s): Araujo, María Caridad; Carneiro, Pedro; Cruz-Aguayo, Yyannu; Schady, Norbert
We assigned two cohorts of kindergarten students, totaling more than 24,000 children, to teachers within schools with a rule that is as-good-as-random. We collected data on children at the beginning…