@misc{30315,
title = {Quantum-Resistance in Blockchain Networks},
author = {Allende López, Marcos and López León, Diego and Cerón, Sergio and Leal Batista, Antonio and Pareja, Adrián and Da Silva, Marcelo and Pardo, Alejandro and Jones, Duncan and Worrall, David and Merriman, Ben and Gilmore, John and Kitchener, Nick and Venegas-Andraca, Salvador E.},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.18235/0003313},
abstract = {This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnológico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The  advent  of  quantum  computing  threatens  internet  protocols  and  blockchain  networks  because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms.  When quantum computers become robust enough  to  run  Shor's  algorithm  on  a  large  scale,  the  most  used  asymmetric  algorithms,  utilized  for digital  signatures  and  message  encryption,  such  as  RSA,  (EC)DSA,  and  (EC)DH,  will  be  no  longer secure.  Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time.  Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as the thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in  order  to  preserve  the  integrity  of  data  and  assets  in  their  public  and  immutable  ledgers.   We  have designed and developed a layer-two solution to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet and introduced a second signature in transactions using post-quantum keys.  Our versatile solution can be applied to any blockchain network.  In our implementation, quantum entropy was  provided  via  the  IronBridge  Platform  from  CQC  and  we  used  LACChain  Besu  as  the  blockchain network.},
url = {https://doi.org/10.18235/0003313}
}